as Fellows, and in some cases young students had been 
     admitted on a special footing. Merton had its parvuli . 
     Queen’s had its Poor Boys. Magdalen had some very 
     young Demies. Poor Colleges had eked out their revenues 
     by admitting boarders. Waynflete had sanctioned a 
     system of Gentlemen Commoners, which Wykehan had 
     been unwilling to permit. But it was not till the sixteenth 
     century, when the Colleges became recognized centres of 
     teaching, when the lectures in Schools Street were going 
     out of fashion, when the training of priests was gradually 
     ceasing to be the chief aim of Oxford education, and 
     when, after the perils of the Reformation, the expansion 
     of Oxford on new lines began, that the great class of 
     undergraduate Commoners, with no direct share in 
     College endowments, arose to take the College courts and 
     gardens for their own.